Typically this issue is caused by a left over "Acrobat DC" folder in your Program Files\Adobe folder (%ProgramFiles\Adobe\Acrobat DC). Removing this folder typically fixes the issue. You may need to reset permissions by taking ownership on the folder to be able to remove it.

If you have no success with the above, try looking for a suspect Adobe install folder in C:\Windows\Installer\$PatchCache$\Managed and remove it. Within each folder you should see a version # corresponding to the version of Adobe you were trying to install. You can sort by modified and look for the time you tried to unsuccessfully install. Note that you will need to unhide protected system files in File Explorer to expose the $PatchCache$ folder.